Law and Policy Database

Slum dwellers challenged the order of eviction against them, contending that it violates their right to life which includes the right to livelihood. The court said that the deprivation of the right to life may be permissible if the procedure provided by law is fair, just and reasonable. Nevertheless, the slum dwellers will only be evicted at the end of the monsoon season to minimize their hardship.

The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (VCPOL) serves as a framework convention setting out the agreement of the parties, which number 198 as of March 2022, on the issue of ozone layer protection. Significantly, the VCPOL is likely the first major international agreement which accepted the precautionary principle.

The Executive Order created an arbitral machinery with the aim of expeditiously settling disputes in the Philippine construction industry.

The Law is enacted for the purpose of protecting, cultivating and rationally utilizing forest resources, speeding up afforestation of our land, giving full play to the forests' role of conserving water and soil, moderating the climate, improving the environment and providing forest products. The Law provides that forest resources are owned by the State. It also contains provisions on Forest Management and Administration, Forest Protection, Tree Planting and Afforestation, Forest Tree Felling, Legal Liabilities and Supplemental Provisions.

The Merchant Shipping Act of Brunei provides for the registration of Brunei ships, as well as their transfer, transmission and mortgage. The Act provides for the rules on naming and re-registration of ships. It also contains provisions on the Brunei national character of ships.

The Executive Order reorganized the Laguna Lake Development Authority, and enlarged its powers and prerogatives with respect to monitoring, licensing and enforcement.

Bonded workmen in stone quarries live in unsanitary condition without shelter, clean drinking water or medical facilities. A letter, submitted on their behalf seeking just and humane conditions of work, was treated as public interest litigation. The court discussed the minimum requirements which must exist to enable a person to live with human dignity.

A complaint for rape was filed on behalf of an acutely myopic domestic helper. She was not able to prove the rape due to stringent evidentiary requirements. However, being unmarried and having admitted to a pregnancy, she was tried and found guilty of fornication.

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) embodies the legal framework for marine and marine activities, setting out the rights and responsibilities of states in the use of the world's oceans. Certain provisions are relevant to the climate change regulatory framework.

The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) promotes equal rights for men and women. The CEDAW defines discrimination against women as “any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field.”