Law and Policy Database

Petitioners filed a case against government officials in Indonesia for their alleged negligence in fulfilling petitioners' right to a good and healthy environment due to lax regulations. The respondents were directed to establish a national ambient air quality standard that is sufficient to protect human health, the environment and ecosystems, and the health of sensitive groups within the populations based on developments in science and technology.

The rules and regulations were issued to implement the provisions of the Magna Carta for Homeowners and Homeowners Associations pursuant to the State's policy of the people's right to form organizations and associations in serving their legitimate collective interests.

The Competitive Selection Process ensures competition and transparency in the procurement of energy supply by the distribution utilities for the consumers. The amendments introduced improvements and recognized other power supply procurement modalities.

The case involves a social action petition to compel the State to invest in climate mitigation strategies. The court took an expansive view of the constitutional right to life to mean a life free from hazards caused by environmental pollution to nurture a healthy and robust life. The court then exercised its supervisory jurisdiction or continuing mandamus, issuing orders in relation to water conservation among others.

The updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 2021 of Bangladesh targets an unconditional contribution to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 6.73% below business as usual (BAU) levels by 2030 and a conditional 15.12% reduction by the same timeframe. It likewise discusses the potential actions to achieve the target reductions.

The Memorandum Circular recognizes the policy in the Framework for Cross-Border Offering of ASEAN Collective Incentive Schemes (CIS) Framework) which provides for a streamlined authorization framework for the cross-border offer of ASEAN CIS in member jurisdiction countries. It is created pursuant to the Supplemental Memorandum of Understanding on Streamlined Authorization Framework for Cross-border Public Offers of ASEAN Collective Investment Schemes to which the Securities and Exchange Commission of the Philippines is a signatory to.

The Order created the Environmental Law Enforcement and Protection Services to promote the efficient and effective enforcement of environmental laws, rules and regulations.

Samoa's Second Nationally Determined Contribution provides that Samoa aims to reduce its overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 26% in 2030 compared to 2007 levels (or by 91 Gg CO2e compared to the new reference year once Samoa's GHG emissions inventory has been updated). In terms of adaptation, the National Climate Change Policy 2020–2030 provides the framework for both national adaptation and mitigation actions through a whole-of-country approach to build resilience to the impacts of climate change.

Under the Five-Year Socio-Economic Development Plan for 2021-2025, Viet Nam sets the target of becoming a developing country with modern industry by 2025. For the period of 2021-2025, it intends to achieve an average gross domestic product of 6.5 to 7%, and an average per capita income of USD 4,700 to 5,000 by 2025.

The Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Indonesia reflects the progression beyond the earlier pledge in INDC. Mainly, the national Business as Usual (BAU) scenario used – BAU of NDC is slightly lower than BAU of INDC (from 2.881 GtCO2e in INDC to 2.869 GtCO2e in NDC). Further, there is clarity of sectoral BAU and emission reduction target allocation, and assumption used for BAU projection and target allocation, as well as enhanced targets on adaptation.